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# America's Iconic Fire Engine: A Beginner's Guide to the American-LaFrance 700 Series (1947-1959)
For anyone captivated by the grandeur and history of firefighting, the American-LaFrance (ALF) 700 Series holds a special place. From its distinctive grille to its powerful presence, this post-war workhorse served countless communities across the United States, becoming synonymous with American fire departments for over a decade. If you've ever dreamt of owning a piece of this history, or simply want to understand what made it such a legend, you've come to the right place.
This comprehensive guide will introduce you to the fundamentals of the American-LaFrance 700 Series, covering its historical significance, key features, and practical advice for identifying, acquiring, and even beginning the journey of restoring one of these magnificent machines. We'll approach this from a beginner's perspective, focusing on what you need to know to get started in the fascinating world of classic fire apparatus.
The Dawn of an Era: Why the 700 Series Stood Out
The end of World War II brought with it an economic boom and a renewed focus on modernizing municipal services. Fire departments, many operating aging equipment, were eager for powerful, reliable apparatus. American-LaFrance, already a leading name in fire apparatus manufacturing, responded with the 700 Series, introduced in 1947.
This new series wasn't just an incremental upgrade; it represented a significant leap forward in design and engineering. It embodied a sleek, streamlined aesthetic that reflected the optimism of the era, moving away from the more utilitarian designs of the pre-war years. More importantly, it packed serious power and innovative features, quickly establishing itself as the benchmark for fire engines of its time.
Anatomy of a Legend: Key Features and Specifications
The 700 Series was built to perform under pressure, a testament to ALF's commitment to quality and innovation. Understanding its core components is crucial for any enthusiast.
Powering the Pump: The Mighty V-12 Engine
At the heart of many 700 Series pumpers was American-LaFrance's own custom-built V-12 engine. Unlike many manufacturers who relied on third-party engines, ALF designed and produced their own, specifically tailored for the demanding role of a fire engine.
- **Displacement:** Often around 750 cubic inches.
- **Horsepower:** Ranged from approximately 200-275 HP, significant for its era.
- **Design:** Known for its smooth operation and robust construction, capable of sustained high RPMs during pumping operations.
- **Cooling:** Often equipped with large radiators to manage heat during prolonged use.
This powerful engine not only propelled the heavy apparatus but also drove the fire pump, making it a true workhorse.
Pumping Power: Water Delivery Systems
The primary function of a pumper is to deliver water effectively, and the 700 Series excelled here.
- **Pump Capacities:** Commonly found with 750 GPM (gallons per minute), 1000 GPM, and occasionally 1250 GPM pumps.
- **Pump Type:** Typically a multi-stage centrifugal pump, renowned for its reliability and efficiency.
- **Controls:** Feature extensive gauge panels and manual controls for precise water pressure management, a stark contrast to modern electronic systems.
- **Hose Beds:** Designed with large open hose beds to carry hundreds of feet of various diameter hoses, along with suction hose compartments.
While pumpers were the most prevalent, the 700 Series chassis also served as the foundation for some aerial ladder trucks and other specialized apparatus.
Design Aesthetics and Ergonomics
Beyond its mechanical prowess, the 700 Series offered a distinctive look that is instantly recognizable.
- **Streamlined Bodywork:** Smooth curves, rounded fenders, and a cohesive design from bumper to bumper.
- **Chrome Accents:** Abundant chrome grilles, trim, and headlights contributed to its imposing and elegant appearance.
- **Cab Configurations:** Available in various cab styles, including:
- **Open Cab:** The classic look with no roof over the jump seats.
- **Canopy Cab:** A partial roof over the jump seats for some weather protection.
- **Closed Cab:** A fully enclosed cab, becoming more common in later production years.
- **Instrumentation:** A driver-centric dashboard with large, easy-to-read gauges, reflecting a time when operators needed immediate, clear information.
Identifying Your 700 Series: A Collector's Checklist
Distinguishing between specific 700 Series models and years can be a nuanced task, even for enthusiasts.
Model Year Variations
While the core design remained consistent, subtle changes occurred throughout the 1947-1959 production run.
- **Grille Designs:** Early models (e.g., 1947-1950) often featured a more pronounced horizontal bar grille, while later models might have slightly different patterns or chrome treatments.
- **Lighting:** Headlight bezels, turn signals, and emergency lights evolved over the decade.
- **Trim and Emblems:** Minor changes to "American-LaFrance" badging or decorative trim pieces can help date a specific truck.
- **Serial Numbers:** The most definitive way to date a 700 Series is through its serial number, usually found on a data plate in the cab or on the chassis frame. Researching ALF production records (often available through enthusiast clubs) can pinpoint the exact year and original specifications.
Common Configurations
The 700 Series was highly customizable, leading to a variety of setups.
- **Pumper Types:** Single-stage vs. two-stage pumps, different pump panel layouts.
- **Equipment Compartments:** Varying sizes and locations of storage compartments based on the purchasing department's needs.
- **Hose Bed Layouts:** Some had transverse compartments, others were purely open.
- **Ladder Racks:** Some carried ground ladders on the side, others on top.
What to Look For: Red Flags and Originality
When assessing a potential 700 Series, keep an eye out for these critical points:
- **Rust:** Pay close attention to the frame, pump house, lower body panels, and wheel wells. Extensive rust can be a costly, structural issue.
- **Engine Condition:** Check for oil leaks, smoke from the exhaust, and overall running smoothness. A V-12 rebuild can be very expensive.
- **Pump Functionality:** Is the pump seized? Are there visible leaks? Pump repairs require specialized knowledge.
- **Originality of Parts:** While some modifications are expected, highly modified trucks might be less desirable to purists. Look for original gauges, siren, lights, and pump panel components.
- **Missing Parts:** Unique ALF parts can be incredibly difficult to source.
Bringing a Legend Home: Tips for Acquisition and Restoration
Embarking on the journey of owning a 700 Series is a rewarding endeavor, but it requires careful planning.
Finding Your 700 Series: Where to Look
- **Online Forums & Classifieds:** Websites dedicated to antique fire apparatus are excellent starting points.
- **Specialized Auctions:** Major classic vehicle auctions occasionally feature fire trucks.
- **Fire Apparatus Clubs:** Organizations like the Society for the Preservation and Appreciation of Antique Motor Fire Apparatus in America (SPAAMFAA) are invaluable resources for leads and networking.
- **Museums & Private Collections:** While not for sale, these can offer insights into restoration standards.
- **Small Town Fire Departments:** Sometimes, very old apparatus might still be tucked away in a remote department's reserve fleet or sold off locally.
The Initial Assessment: What to Inspect Before Buying
Never buy sight unseen. If possible, bring an experienced mechanic or a seasoned antique fire apparatus enthusiast with you.
- **Engine & Drivetrain:** Check fluid levels, start the engine (if possible), listen for unusual noises, inspect the transmission and differential for leaks.
- **Brake System:** Critical for safety. Inspect lines, cylinders, and drums. Remember these are hydraulic drum brakes – very different from modern systems.
- **Chassis & Suspension:** Look for cracks in the frame, worn leaf springs, and steering play.
- **Electrical System:** Test lights, siren, horn, and wipers. Old wiring can be a fire hazard.
- **Tires:** Ensure they are not dry-rotted and are rated for the vehicle's weight.
Restoration Journey: Common Challenges and Resources
Restoring a 700 Series is a marathon, not a sprint.
- **Sourcing Parts:** This is often the biggest hurdle. Many parts are specific to ALF and are no longer manufactured. You'll rely on NOS (New Old Stock), used parts from donor trucks, or custom fabrication.
- **Engine & Pump Overhauls:** These are complex, expensive tasks requiring specialized skills. Find a reputable shop experienced with large industrial engines.
- **Bodywork & Paint:** Large surface areas mean significant time and cost for proper bodywork and a show-quality paint job.
- **Community Support:** Join SPAAMFAA or other local clubs. The collective knowledge and resources of fellow enthusiasts are invaluable for advice, parts leads, and moral support.
- **Documentation:** Seek out original manuals, parts catalogs, and wiring diagrams.
Common Mistakes to Avoid for New Enthusiasts
Jumping into the world of vintage fire engines can be exciting, but beware of these pitfalls:
1. **Underestimating Costs:** Restoration costs can easily exceed the initial purchase price. Factor in parts, labor, paint, and transportation.
2. **Buying Without Thorough Inspection:** A seemingly good deal can quickly turn into a money pit if fundamental components like the engine or pump are seized or severely damaged.
3. **Ignoring Safety Aspects:** Brakes, tires, and steering are paramount. Don't cut corners on safety-critical components.
4. **Not Researching Local Regulations:** Understand your state's laws regarding registering, insuring, and operating a large vintage vehicle. Some require commercial driver's licenses.
5. **Expecting Modern Performance:** A 700 Series is a powerful machine for its era, but it will not drive, stop, or accelerate like a modern truck. Embrace its vintage characteristics.
Conclusion
The American-LaFrance 700 Series is more than just a fire engine; it's a rolling testament to American ingenuity, post-war optimism, and the enduring spirit of firefighting. Its distinctive design and robust engineering made it a beloved icon, serving communities faithfully for decades.
For the aspiring enthusiast, delving into the world of the 700 Series offers a unique opportunity to connect with history, learn mechanical skills, and join a passionate community dedicated to preserving these magnificent machines. While the journey of acquisition and restoration can be challenging, the reward of bringing a piece of America's firefighting legacy back to life is immeasurable. Embrace the challenge, enjoy the process, and help keep the legacy of "America's Fire Engine" burning bright.
